What does the term 'operant conditioning' primarily relate to?

Operant conditioning primarily relates to behavior modification, as it involves a learning process where behaviors are influenced by the consequences that follow them. This concept, developed by B.F. Skinner, emphasizes how reinforcement (positive or negative) and punishment can shape and change behavior over time. By systematically applying these principles, educators and psychologists can modify student behavior to promote desirable actions or reduce undesirable ones.

The key aspect of operant conditioning lies in its focus on observable behaviors and the effects of external stimuli on those behaviors. For instance, rewarding a student for completing their homework on time encourages that behavior to continue, while implementing consequences for disruptive actions may deter those behaviors. As such, operant conditioning is a foundational element in behavior modification strategies used in educational settings and beyond.